Page 27 - 高中英语小题狂做·必修第三册·RJ

核心笔记 5

I caught him reading my private letters.
注意:“感官动词+doing”作宾补时,表示动作正在进行。 “感官动词+do”作宾补时,表示动作的全过程。

I saw Linda whispering to Danny. (表示动作正在进行)

I saw Linda whisper to Danny. (表示动作的全过程)

2. 位于使役动词后,如 set、keep、have、get、leave 等。

The joke set her bursting out laughing.

We shouldn t keep our lights burning in the day.

【学法点拨】在一些动词(短语)如 regard、describe、accept、think of、look on 等之后,可由 as 引出动词-ing 形式作宾补。

They describe the film starring Louis as being attractive.
(二) 动词-ing 形式作状语

1. 形式

(1) 动词-ing 形式的一般式与完成式
一般式(doing):表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。

完成式(having done):表示动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。

Representing the Student Association, I went to the airport to meet the international students.

Having finished his summary, he went out for a walk.
(2) 动词-ing 形式的主动式与被动式

动词-ing 形式用主动式还是被动式主要取决于动词-ing 形式和它的逻辑主语之间的关系。 句子的主语就是它

的逻辑主语。

Having struggled for years, he finally won the champion.

Having been shown around the lab, we were led into a hall.
2. 功能

动词-ing 形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随等,其作用相当于状语从句。

(1) 动词-ing 形式作时间状语,相当于一个时间状语从句,有时可在动词-ing 前加上 when 或 while 等连词。

Walking down the street, I came across David. = When I was walking down the street, I came across David.

Having worked for two days, Steve managed to finish his report. = After he had worked for two days, Steve managed to finish

his report.

(2) 动词-ing 形式作原因状语,相当于一个原因状语从句。

Not knowing her address, I had better telephone her to come over. = Because I don t know her address, I had better

telephone her to come over.

Having spent nearly all his money, the employee couldn t afford to stay at a hotel. = Because he had spent nearly all his

money, the employee couldn t afford to stay at a hotel.

(3) 动词-ing 形式作条件状语,相当于一个条件状语从句。

Going straight down the road, you will find the canteen. = If you go straight down the road, you will find the canteen.

Working hard, you will pass the exam. = If you work hard, you will pass the exam.

(4) 动词-ing 形式作让步状语,相当于一个让步状语从句,有时可在动词-ing 形式前加上连词 although、even if、even
though 等。

Knowing all this, I still want to see it myself. = Although I know all this, I still want to see it myself.

Having tried many times, he still couldn t overcome the difficulties. = Though he had tried many times, he still couldn t

overcome the difficulties.

(5) 动词-ing 形式作结果状语,表示必然的结果,通常放在句末,可转换成一个含有并列谓语的简单句。 有时为了

突出结果,动词-ing 形式前可加 thus,相当于 so 或 so that 引导的结果状语从句。