Page 33 - 高中英语小题狂做·必修第三册·RJ

核心笔记 11

(二) 句法的省略

在一些简单句、并列句和复合句中,可以省略主语、谓语、宾语、表语等某一个句子成分,也可以省略多个句子

成分。

1. 简单句的省略

(1) 祈使句中常省略主语 you。

Take off your muddy shoes before you get inside.

Be more careful in the future.

(2) 感叹句中句意明确时,主语与谓语动词常省略。

What a beautiful sight (it is)!

How wonderful (it is)!

(3) 在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分。

—(Will you) Have a smoke?

—No. Thanks.

(Is there) Anything else to say?

(It) Doesn t matter.

(4) 在口语中,特别是在简洁的回答中,经常为了突出答案,而只回答提问的部分。

—Who did it?
—Oscar. (只保留主语)

—What do you get?

—A dictionary. (只保留宾语)

—What do you think of the MTV?

—Very interesting. (只保留表语)

—How much do you like me?

—Very much. (只保留状语)
Wait! (只保留谓语)

—What kind of pencil do you want?
—Red. (只保留定语)

2. 并列句中的省略

(1) 如果主语不同,而谓语动词中的一部分相同,则省略谓语动词中相同的部分。

Some people go to the mountains, and others (go) to the seaside.

(2) 主语相同,谓语动词也相同,则二者都可以省略。

His suggestion made John happy, but (his suggestion made) Mary angry.

(3) 主语相同,而谓语不同,则可以省略主语。

Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but (he) soon returned to his old ways.

(4) 在并列复合句中,如果 that 从句从属于第二个并列分句,且它的谓语动词和宾语或其他一些成分与第一个并列
分句相同,这个 that 从句通常可以省略这些相同的部分。

Jack will sing at the party, but I know that John won t (sing at the party).

3. 状语从句中的省略

在状语从句中,为了使语言更加简洁、生动,经常使用省略形式。 状语从句的省略原则:如果从句主语和主句

主语一致,或从句主语是 it,且从句谓语含有动词 be,那么从句中的主语和谓语动词 be 往往可以省略。