Page 24 - 高中英语小题狂做·选择性必修第三册·YL

2 高中英语小题狂做·选择性必修第三册·YL

二、 非限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句是指与主句关系不十分密切,只对主句中的先行词起补充说明作用的定语从句。 删去非限
制性定语从句,主句仍概念清晰、结构完整。 其标志是主句和从句之间用逗号隔开。

1. 引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词指人时用 who、whom 或 whose;指事物时用 which 或 whose。

This is our headmaster, who I think has something important to tell you.
My elder sister has become a doctor, which I wanted to be.
2. 引导非限制性定语从句的关系副词有 when 和 where。 当先行词指时间时,关系副词用 when;指地点时用

where。
Chaplin lived the last years of his life in Switzerland, where he was buried in 1977.
He left his hometown in 1992, when he was only 12 years old.
3. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句存在许多不同之处,主要有以下几点:
(1) 引导词不同:关系代词 that 和关系副词 why 均不可以引导非限制性定语从句。
(2) 非限制性定语从句与主句的关系不像限制性定语从句那样紧密,即使去掉,主句的意思依然清楚完整。 它

与主句之间通常用逗号隔开,译成汉语时,通常不翻译成定语,而是译成与主句并列的句子。
I have two foreign teachers, both of whom are from America.
我有两个外教,他们都来自美国。
The foreign teacher who comes from America teaches us literature.
从美国来的那位外教教我们文学。
(3) 非限制性定语从句的引导词无论在从句中作什么成分,均不可省略;而在限制性定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词
可省略。

This is the man (that / who/ whom) we are talking about.
This is the man, whom we talked about just now.
(4) 在限制性定语从句中,关系代词指人时,作宾语的 whom 可以用 who 或 that 代替,但在非限制性定语从句中
不可以代替。
He is the very person (whom/ who/ that) we referred to.
Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris.
4. as 和 which 引导的非限制性定语从句的区别:
(1) as 在非限制性定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语,这个定语从句修饰整个句子。 as 引导的非限制性定语从句

既可以放在主句之后,也可以放在主句之前,还可放在主句之中,有“像……一样,正如,正像”的意思。
As we all know, he studies very hard. (as 作宾语)
As is known to all, he is the tallest student in our class. (as 作主语)
Taiwan, as is known to all, is an inseparable part of China. (as 作主语)
(2) which 引导的非限制性定语从句既可指代整个主句的内容,也可指代主句中某个词或词组,但是不能置于
句首。
He was late for the meeting, which made the chairman very angry. (which 指代整个主句的内容)

I want to buy the house, which has a garden. (which 指代 the house)

【自测 1】 单项选择

(1) Mo Yan became the first Chinese Nobel Prize winner in Literature, left school to make a living at the
age of 12.
A. as B. which C. that D. who
(2) My cousin, body is slim, still wants to lose some weight.
A. whom B. that C. whose D. which