Page 33 - 高中英语小题狂做·选择性必修第四册·RJ

核心笔记 11

⑦ can t help (to) do sth 不能帮忙做某事

can t help doing sth 情不自禁做某事

(2) 动词不定式一般只作动词宾语,不作介词宾语,但是可以作介词 but(除了)、except 的宾语。

I had no choice but to wait.

He has nothing to do but / except watch TV.

(3) 在某些动词,如 find、consider、feel、make 后,常常使用 it 作形式宾语,构成“find / make/ think it+宾补+to do sth”

的结构,其中 to do sth 是真正的宾语。

I think it necessary to find out the truth.

I find it a challenge to fit in with the team.
4. 动词不定式作定语

(1) 动词不定式作定语表示将来的动作。

I have a lot of work to do.

In the years to come, I will work harder.

We are preparing for the midterm examination to be held next week.
(2) 动词不定式用来修饰序数词、最高级、all 等或被序数词、最高级或 the only、the very、the right、no、all、any 等限定

的中心词,常常与中心词之间为逻辑上的主动关系。

He is always the first to arrive at school and the last to leave school.

(3) 某些名词后常用动词不定式作定语。 常见的该类名词有 effort、ability、power、chance、idea、hope、right、wish、
promise、attempt、way 等。

Here are simple ways to keep you healthy.

The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
5. 动词不定式作状语

动词不定式在句子中可以作目的状语、结果状语和原因状语,作状语的动词使用主动形式还是被动形式,取决
于该动词和其逻辑主语之间的主被动关系。

(1) 动词不定式作目的状语,可置于句首,用逗号与后面隔开;也可以放在句子后面,此时不能用逗号与前面隔开;

有时可用 in order to 或 so as to 替换,但 so as to 不能置于句首。

To be admitted to that famous university, he studies day and night.

We made a fire to keep us warm.

(2) 动词不定式作结果状语,常表示出乎意料的结果。 常用结构有 enough to、so/ such as to do、too to 、only

to 等。

I hurried to the airport, only to find the plane high up in the sky.

I hurried to the airport, only to be told that the plane had left.

They felt too stressed to keep up any longer.

(3) 动词不定式作原因状语,常用于固定句型。 常用于这类结构的形容词有 sorry、surprised、disappointed、excited、
glad、happy、delighted、pleased 等。

You cannot imagine how excited I was to receive your letter.

I was frightened to find that in front of my door sat a dog.
注意:有些动词不定式结构在句子中作状语时,不需要考虑该动词和其逻辑主语之间的主被动关系,其结构是固定

的,如:to tell the truth 说实话;to start / begin with 首先;to make matters worse 使事情更糟糕的是;to be honest / frank /
brief 说实话/ 坦白地说/ 简单来说
6. 动词不定式作宾语补足语

(1) 在某些动词( 短语) 后可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语,这取决于动词搭配,如 ask、want、expect、invite、beg、

encourage、order、warn、remind、prefer、get、force、allow、permit、forbid、persuade、cause、advise、teach、wait for、call on、depend